Let's first review the main content of the questioned paper, titled "Sodium oligomannate therapeutically remodels gut microbiota and suppresses gut bacterial amino acids-shaped neuroinflammation to inhibit Alzheimer's disease progression", meaning that sodium oligomannate can remodel the gut Microflora, inhibits neuroinflammation caused by amino acids of gut bacteria, thereby preventing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.Among them, mannat sodium is called GV-971, and it is also an innovative anti-Alzheimer's disease drug developed in China.GV-971 has completed clinical phase III unblinding in July 2018.The corresponding author of this study, researcher Geng Meiyu of the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, announced the phase III clinical data of GV-971 at the 11th International Congress of Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trials held in October 2018.1) Dong XL, Geng MY, Guang HS and Xie JX (2003) Effects of marine acidic oligose on dopamine release from striatum and amygdala in the rat models of Parkinson's disease. Chinese Journal of Marine Drugs 9(5 ): 9-12.2) Fan Y, Hu J, Li J, Yang Z, Xin X, Wang J, Ding J and Geng M (2005) Effect of acidic oligosaccharide sugar chignon scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats and its related mechanisms. Neuroscience Letters 374: 222-226.3) Geng MY (2007) Protective effect of marine-derived oligosaccharide as a candidate anti-AD drug and its related mechanisms. Chinese Pharmacologist 24:7.4) Guo X, Geng M and Du D (2005) Glucose transporter 1, distribution in the brain and in neural disorders: its relationship with transport of neuroactive drugs through the blood-brain barrier. Biochemical Genetics 43: 175-187.5) Hu JF, Geng MY and Zhang JT (2003) The relationship between senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and sulfated polysaccharides. Chinese Pharmacology Bulletin 19:(1)12-16.6) Hu J, Geng M, Li J, Xin X, Wang J, Tang M, Zhang, J, Zhang X and Ding J (2004) Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain, a marine-derived acidic oligosaccharide, inhibits the cytotoxicity and aggregation of amyloid beta protein. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 95:248-255.7) Jiang RW, Du XG, Zhang X, Wang X, Hu DY, Meng T, Chen YL, Geng MY and Shen JK (2013) Synthesis and bioassay of b-(1,4)-D-mannans as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 34:1585-1591.1) Kong LN, Geng MY, Mu L, Xin XL, Yang N, and Zuo PP (2005) Effects of acidic oligose on differentially expressed genes in the mice model of Alzheimer's disease by microarray. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 40:1105-1109.2) Liu M, Nie Q, Xin X and Geng M (2008) Identification of AOSC-binding proteins in neurons. Chinese Journal of Ocenology and Limnology 26:394-399.3) Nie Q, D XG and Geng MY (2011) Small molecule inhibitors of amyloid b peptide aggregation as a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 32:545-551.4) Wang S, Li J and Geng M (2005) Inflammatory mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and the anti-inflammatory effects of sugar-related substances. Progresses in Physiological Sciences 36:67-70.5) Wang S, Li J, Xia W and Geng M (2007) A marine-derived acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain specifically inhibits neuronal cell injury mediated by b-amyloid-induced astrocyte activation in vitro. Neurological Research 29:96-102.Last year, researcher Geng Meiyu's fraud incident caused a lot of trouble. The main question at that time was that in the phase III clinical trial, the cognitive ability of the placebo group deteriorated abnormally.Phase III clinical results show that GV-971 can significantly improve cognitive dysfunction in AD patients compared with placebo, but the decline in the placebo group is very strange from 24 weeks to 36 weeks, while GV-971 continues to improve cognitive dysfunction.Copyright © 2016 Universal Science All Rights Reserved "Global Science" Magazine Co., Ltd. 4-1-21, Jianwai Diplomatic Apartment, No. 1 Xiushui Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 010-57101895 Beijing ICP No. 11008881-1